Pulmonary Hypertension is an abnormal elevation in pulmonary artery pressure. The pulmonary artery sends impure blood from the right heart to the lungs for purification. Pure blood from the lungs is then sent to the left heart through the pulmonary vein. From here, blood reaches all parts of the body.
Pulmonary artery pressure will rise in the following conditions:
- Suppose the blood flowing through the pulmonary artery meets resistance in the lungs due to lung parenchyma diseases like Interstitial lung disease, Sarcoidosis, etc. These diseases destroy the lung parenchyma as well as the blood vessels. So the right heart responds to this resistance by increasing pressure as necessary to preserve the heart's output.
- Suppose the blood flowing through the pulmonary vein meets resistance at the left heart. This can be due to coronary artery disease, mitral valve disease, and other causes of decreased left heart compliance like age, diabetes, etc.
